Nail evaluation in internal diseases: An indispensable exercise

Nail Diseases: Lichen planus-section 9

Lichen planus affects about 1%-2% of the general population. There is little known as to the cause of the condition, but all theories include a reaction of the body’s immune system. Lichen planus can develop nearly anywhere on the body. On the skin, lichen planus “appears as rows of itchy, flat -topped bumps,” It  can also appear on the inside of the cheek and on the gums and tongue. Lichen pla...

Internal Fixation of Radial Head Fractures with an Intramedullary Nail

Comminuted fractures of the radial head still present signi ̄cant technical and surgical challenges. In this article, we describe a novel ̄xation of comminuted radial head fractures with the help of an intramedullary nail. Experiments with solid, conventionally machined intramedullary nails showed some major drawbacks in the ̄xation of radial head fractures. Several design and manufacturing proc...

an investigation into iranian teachers consistency and bias in evaluation of students writings

while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...

Evaluation of nail abnormalities.

Knowledge of the anatomy and function of the nail apparatus is essential when performing the physical examination. Inspection may reveal localized nail abnormalities that should be treated, or may provide clues to an underlying systemic disease that requires further workup. Excessive keratinaceous material under the nail bed in a distal and lateral distribution should prompt an evaluation for o...

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